Grupos masivos de jóvenes iraquíes están inundando centros de voluntarios para luchar contra militantes
Hamza Hendawi, Business Insider
Militantes iraquíes Foto AP / Karim Kadim
Hombres iraquíes abordan camiones militares para unirse al ejército iraquí en el principal centro de reclutamiento en Bagdad, Irak, el sábado, junio. 14, 2014, después que las autoridades instaron a los iraquíes para ayudar a los insurgentes de batalla.
BAGDAD (AP) - Cientos de jóvenes iraquíes atenazados por el fervor religioso y nacionalista se presentaron en centros de voluntarios este sábado en Bagdad, en respuesta a una llamada por el principal clérigo chiíta del país para unirse a la lucha contra los militantes sunitas que avanzan en el norte.
Decenas subieron a la parte trasera de camiones del ejército, coreando consignas chiítas y elevación rifles de asalto, comprometiéndose a luchar contra el grupo sunita conocido como el Estado Islámico de Irak y el Levante, que ha lanzado un avance relámpago a través del país.
"Por la voluntad de Dios, seremos victoriosos." dijo un voluntario, Ali Saleh Aziz. "No vamos a ser detenido por la ISIL o cualquier otros terroristas."
La respuesta masiva a la llamada por el gran ayatolá Ali al-Sistani, nacido en Irán, emitido a través de su representante Viernes, viene como las tensiones sectarias amenazan con llevar al país de vuelta a la guerra civil en la peor crisis desde que las fuerzas estadounidenses se retiraron al final del 2011.
Los combatientes de la facción de Al Qaeda, aprovechando el apoyo de ex figuras de Saddam Hussein de la época y otros sunitas descontentos, han logrado avances espectaculares en el corazón sunita al norte de Bagdad, después de pasarse la segunda mayor ciudad iraquí de Mosul el martes. Soldados y policías se han desvanecido en el frente al avance relámpago, y miles de personas han huido a la región kurda autogobierno en el norte de Irak.
El sábado, los insurgentes se apoderaron de la pequeña ciudad de ADEIM en la provincia de Diyala después de que fuerzas de seguridad iraquíes se retiraron, dijo el jefe del consejo municipal, Mohammed Dhifan. ADEIM está a unos 100 kilómetros (60 millas) al norte de Bagdad. No hubo una confirmación oficial de la pérdida de la ciudad.
Jawad al-Bolani, un legislador y ex ministro del gabinete cercano al primer ministro Nouri al-Maliki, dijo que una ofensiva militar estaba en marcha el sábado para conducir a los insurgentes de Tikrit, la ciudad natal de Saddam al norte de Bagdad, a pesar de los combates en la zona no se pudo confirmar.
AP Television News mostraron combatientes kurdos, conocidos como peshmerga, expulsando a militantes que se habían apoderado de un puesto de avanzada del ejército a unos 24 kilómetros (15 millas) al oeste de la ciudad petrolera de Kirkuk. La posición anterior había sido abandonada por las tropas del ejército iraquí. Larga codiciada por los kurdos que tienen una región autogobierno en el norte de Iraq, Kirkuk cayó bajo el control de la peshmerga esta semana después de que fuerzas del ejército iraquí fueron.
El presidente iraní, Hassan Rouhani dijo el sábado que su país chiíta está listo para ayudar a Irak si se le pide, y agregó que "no tiene más remedio que enfrentar el terrorismo." Al hablar en una conferencia de prensa, sugirió a los militantes suníes en el norte de Irak están vinculados a los políticos iraquíes que perdieron en las elecciones parlamentarias celebradas en abril.
"Vamos a estudiar si existe una demanda de ayuda de Irak. Hasta hoy, ninguna solicitud específica de ayuda se ha exigido. Pero estamos listos para ayudar en el derecho internacional", dijo. "La entrada de nuestras fuerzas (en Irak) para llevar a cabo operaciones que no se ha planteado hasta ahora. Es poco probable que estas condiciones surgirá."
Irán ha construido lazos políticos y económicos con Irak desde la invasión liderada por Estados Unidos en el 2003 derrocó el régimen sunita de Saddam y muchos chiítas iraquíes influyentes, entre ellos al-Maliki, han pasado años en el exilio en la República Islámica.
La rebelión de rápido movimiento se ha convertido en la mayor amenaza para la estabilidad de Irak, ya que incluso antes de que los estadounidenses se retiraron.
Largo tensiones latentes entre sunitas y chiítas se desbordaron después de la invasión liderada por Estados Unidos derrocó a Saddam en el 2003, lo que lleva a la lucha feroz entre las dos sectas musulmanas. Pero el derramamiento de sangre fluía en 2008 después de un llamado aumento EE.UU., una revuelta de los sunitas moderados contra al-Qaida en Irak y una milicia chiíta de alto el fuego.
La última ola de enfrentamientos, alimentada por la guerra civil en la vecina Siria, ha empujado a la nación aún más cerca de un precipicio que se podrían dividir en zonas sunitas, chiítas y kurdos.
Clérigo chiíta y líder político Ammar al-Hakim se muestran en las redes de televisión ponerse una fatiga militar camuflado mientras hablaba con los voluntarios de su partido, a pesar de que todavía llevaba el turbante negro clerical que lo designa como un descendiente directo del profeta Mahoma.
La televisión estatal también se emitió un flujo constante de canciones nacionalistas, clips de soldados marchando o el canto, las aeronaves que vuelen, breves entrevistas con tropas y prometió aplastar a los militantes y clips de archivo de los principales clérigos chiíes del país.
Extensas clips de la visita de al-Maliki el viernes a la ciudad de Samarra, el hogar de un santuario chiíta muy venerado que fue bombardeado en 2006, también se emitieron.
El metraje parecía claramente dirigido a la rehabilitación de su reputación a los ojos de los chiíes, con una al-Maliki-adusto rostro visto rezando en la mezquita chií - un aparente recordatorio de su compromiso con su fe y la protección de sus seguidores. También declaró que Samarra sería el punto de reunión para la marcha hacia el norte para expulsar a los militantes, otra decisión con una inclinación religiosa para ganarse a los chiítas.
En un discurso a los comandantes militares en Samarra, advirtió que los desertores del ejército podrían enfrentarse a la pena de muerte si no informan a sus unidades. Pero él insistió en que la crisis tuvo un lado positivo.
"Esta es nuestra oportunidad de limpiar y purgar el ejército de estos elementos que sólo quieren hacer ganancias de estar en el ejército y la policía", dijo. "Ellos pensaron que este es el principio del fin, pero, de hecho, se dice que este es el comienzo de su fin y la derrota."
También el sábado, el departamento de contraterrorismo del gobierno iraquí dijo que el hijo del vicepresidente de Saddam, Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, fue muerto en un ataque aéreo de la fuerza aérea iraquí en Tikrit. Se dijo Ahmed al-Douri fue asesinado con otros 50 combatientes leales a Saddam y ISIL el viernes. El informe no pudo ser verificada inmediatamente.
___
Periodista de la AP Qassim Abdul-Zahra contribuyó a este reportaje.
Derecho de Autor (2014) Associated Press. Todos los derechos reservados. Este material no puede ser publicado, transmitido, reescrito, o redistribuido.
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta defensa de Bagdad. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta defensa de Bagdad. Mostrar todas las entradas
domingo, 15 de junio de 2014
viernes, 13 de junio de 2014
Irak: Tropas retroceden para proteger Bagdad
Shiite cleric Sistani backs Iraqi government’s call for volunteers to fight advancing militants
Washington Post
IRBIL, Iraq — The stage was set Friday for a major sectarian confrontation in Iraq after the government and the country’s most powerful Shiite cleric implored civilians to take up arms against Sunni militants — a move that would partially plug the ranks of the decimated security forces with religiously motivated volunteers.
Those developments appeared directly at odds with the approach urged by President Obama in Washington, who appealed to the Iraqi government to find ways to bridge the country’s sectarian divisions.
After an offensive this week by the al-Qaeda-inspired Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) triggered a massive retreat by security forces in the north, the government turned to its citizenry for help, issuing a call for volunteers to join the battle. On Friday, that call was echoed in a message from Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, delivered at prayers in the southern city of Karbala, a Shiite holy city.
Baghdad residents said those signing up are largely members of Shiite militias notorious for bloodletting during the darkest days of Iraq’s civil war, raising fears of a return to levels of sectarian violence that could tear the country apart.
The new recruits will face militants who have received a significant military boost from warehouses of equipment left behind by the retreating Iraqi army.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an al-Qaeda splinter group that has seized a huge chunk of northern Iraq, is led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, a relatively unknown and enigmatic figure. ( / The Washington Post)
Hisham al-Hashemi, an Iraqi security analyst who claimed to be privy to Defense Ministry estimates, gave a glimpse of how devastating the losses to the Iraqi army may have been. He said the rout has cost the army equipment worth $1.3 billion, including 72 tanks — much of it hardware supplied by the United States.
In the past, Sistani has issued conciliatory statements that have pulled Iraq back from civil war. But the cleric was blunt Friday, with his representative urging anyone who can carry a weapon to take up arms against the militants.
“Citizens who are able to bear arms and fight terrorists, defending their country and their people and their holy places, should volunteer and join the security forces to achieve this holy purpose,” he said in a sermon.
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, himself a Shiite, has long been accused by both Shiite and Sunni opponents of stirring divisions between the Muslim sects in order to cling to power. On Friday, he chose to visit a shrine in the city of Samarra that has been the focus of major sectarian attacks — not the action of a leader promoting a message of unity.
Iraqi state television showed recruits who will be used to protect sites such as the Samarra shrine — where ISIS forces attempted an assault this week — scrambling to board packed army trucks.
An Iraqi official said the number of new recruits had reached 30,000 Friday, but that number does not approach the roughly 90,000 soldiers who he said earlier had “evaporated overnight” as ISIS advanced. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity because he is not authorized to provide the figures.
He blamed Sunni officers for capitulating in the face of the advance, leaving largely Shiite soldiers rudderless.
“This is the start of the Iraqi civil war that was so obviously going to break out after we washed our hands of it,” he said.
Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, head of a militia known as the Mahdi Army, has called for civilians to protect Iraq’s Shiite shrines. So has Asaib Ahl al-Haq, a resurgent Shiite militia that is close to Maliki.
“Those volunteering are thrilled by thinking this is a religious war,” said Walid Issa Taha, a Baghdad resident who left for the safety of Jordan on Thursday night through a packed airport, joining many others with the means to flee. “It’s all religiously motivated.”
Maliki is also looking to Shiite Iran for support. Iranian state television reported Friday that President Hassan Rouhani had spoken with Maliki overnight and pledged Iran’s support for the Iraqi government and its people.
Hossein Salami, an Iranian Republican Guard general, said his forces are “in full combat readiness” should they be needed and blamed the bloodshed on years of “blatant interference” in the Middle East by the United States and other Western nations.
Since seizing the northern city of Mosul in the face of little resistance this week, militants from ISIS have stormed toward the capital, bolstered by the weaponry abandoned by the fleeing Iraqi army.
“They had full access to huge warehouses,” said Hashemi, the analyst who cited what he said were Defense Ministry estimates on losses.
In addition to the 72 missing tanks, about 700 Humvees and hundreds of armored personnel carriers were lost, he said, as well as thousands of tons of ammunition and two helicopters.
The militants probably do not have all that equipment, he said, noting that they are thought to have seized just a handful of the tanks, which are cumbersome to transport and of little strategic use to them. The others were destroyed, secured by Kurdish forces or simply abandoned, he said.
A Defense Ministry spokesman did not respond to calls Friday.
Evidence of the lightning-fast retreat is scattered across the country’s north. Shot-up police trucks and discarded army uniforms could be seen in fields outside Mosul.
As ISIS continued its advance Friday, fighting intensified in the religiously mixed province of Diyala, close to Baghdad and a theater of some of the worst sectarian fighting during the civil strife that followed the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Militants took control of the provincial towns of Saadiyah and Jalawla overnight Thursday.
The fresh fighting came a day after the al-Qaeda offshoot asserted its authority over Sunni areas in the north and Kurds seized control of the city of Kirkuk.
However, ISIS’s gains have been slowed in areas that are not home to a significant Sunni population. Its advance has been assisted by supporters of former president Saddam Hussein as well as by general Sunni disaffection with the Shiite government.
“One of the big questions right now is whether ISIL can turn its tactical victories in Iraq into strategic gains,” a U.S. counterterrorism official said of the group, which is also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, adding that it was unclear whether the group can hold territory.
“The situation on the ground right now is playing to ISIL’s strengths, but the group faces the real prospect of overstretch if it tries to press deep into Baghdad and beyond,” the official said.
Still, there was an air of panic in Baghdad on Friday, residents said, with food prices doubling in markets as civilians stockpiled groceries.
Hashemi agreed that ISIS was unlikely to reach Baghdad but said the militants’ aim was to establish a presence in Sunni-majority neighborhoods on the city’s outskirts.
“They are more interested in the Baghdad belt,” he said, adding that they want to reestablish the presence Sunni insurgents had in the area before the U.S. Army co-opted Sunni tribal forces to push them out.
Liz Sly and Ahmed Ramadan in Beirut, Jason Rezaian in Tehran and Greg Miller in Washington contributed to this report.
Washington Post
IRBIL, Iraq — The stage was set Friday for a major sectarian confrontation in Iraq after the government and the country’s most powerful Shiite cleric implored civilians to take up arms against Sunni militants — a move that would partially plug the ranks of the decimated security forces with religiously motivated volunteers.
Those developments appeared directly at odds with the approach urged by President Obama in Washington, who appealed to the Iraqi government to find ways to bridge the country’s sectarian divisions.
After an offensive this week by the al-Qaeda-inspired Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) triggered a massive retreat by security forces in the north, the government turned to its citizenry for help, issuing a call for volunteers to join the battle. On Friday, that call was echoed in a message from Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, delivered at prayers in the southern city of Karbala, a Shiite holy city.
Baghdad residents said those signing up are largely members of Shiite militias notorious for bloodletting during the darkest days of Iraq’s civil war, raising fears of a return to levels of sectarian violence that could tear the country apart.
The new recruits will face militants who have received a significant military boost from warehouses of equipment left behind by the retreating Iraqi army.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), an al-Qaeda splinter group that has seized a huge chunk of northern Iraq, is led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, a relatively unknown and enigmatic figure. ( / The Washington Post)
Hisham al-Hashemi, an Iraqi security analyst who claimed to be privy to Defense Ministry estimates, gave a glimpse of how devastating the losses to the Iraqi army may have been. He said the rout has cost the army equipment worth $1.3 billion, including 72 tanks — much of it hardware supplied by the United States.
In the past, Sistani has issued conciliatory statements that have pulled Iraq back from civil war. But the cleric was blunt Friday, with his representative urging anyone who can carry a weapon to take up arms against the militants.
“Citizens who are able to bear arms and fight terrorists, defending their country and their people and their holy places, should volunteer and join the security forces to achieve this holy purpose,” he said in a sermon.
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, himself a Shiite, has long been accused by both Shiite and Sunni opponents of stirring divisions between the Muslim sects in order to cling to power. On Friday, he chose to visit a shrine in the city of Samarra that has been the focus of major sectarian attacks — not the action of a leader promoting a message of unity.
Iraqi state television showed recruits who will be used to protect sites such as the Samarra shrine — where ISIS forces attempted an assault this week — scrambling to board packed army trucks.
An Iraqi official said the number of new recruits had reached 30,000 Friday, but that number does not approach the roughly 90,000 soldiers who he said earlier had “evaporated overnight” as ISIS advanced. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity because he is not authorized to provide the figures.
He blamed Sunni officers for capitulating in the face of the advance, leaving largely Shiite soldiers rudderless.
How ISIS is carving out a new country
The Iraqi security forces, on which the United States has spent billions for arms and training, are “increasingly going to become another Shiite militia in all but name,” fighting alongside other Shiite militias and the Iranians, according to Kenneth M. Pollack of the Washington-based Brookings Institution.“This is the start of the Iraqi civil war that was so obviously going to break out after we washed our hands of it,” he said.
Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, head of a militia known as the Mahdi Army, has called for civilians to protect Iraq’s Shiite shrines. So has Asaib Ahl al-Haq, a resurgent Shiite militia that is close to Maliki.
“Those volunteering are thrilled by thinking this is a religious war,” said Walid Issa Taha, a Baghdad resident who left for the safety of Jordan on Thursday night through a packed airport, joining many others with the means to flee. “It’s all religiously motivated.”
Maliki is also looking to Shiite Iran for support. Iranian state television reported Friday that President Hassan Rouhani had spoken with Maliki overnight and pledged Iran’s support for the Iraqi government and its people.
Hossein Salami, an Iranian Republican Guard general, said his forces are “in full combat readiness” should they be needed and blamed the bloodshed on years of “blatant interference” in the Middle East by the United States and other Western nations.
Since seizing the northern city of Mosul in the face of little resistance this week, militants from ISIS have stormed toward the capital, bolstered by the weaponry abandoned by the fleeing Iraqi army.
“They had full access to huge warehouses,” said Hashemi, the analyst who cited what he said were Defense Ministry estimates on losses.
In addition to the 72 missing tanks, about 700 Humvees and hundreds of armored personnel carriers were lost, he said, as well as thousands of tons of ammunition and two helicopters.
The militants probably do not have all that equipment, he said, noting that they are thought to have seized just a handful of the tanks, which are cumbersome to transport and of little strategic use to them. The others were destroyed, secured by Kurdish forces or simply abandoned, he said.
A Defense Ministry spokesman did not respond to calls Friday.
Evidence of the lightning-fast retreat is scattered across the country’s north. Shot-up police trucks and discarded army uniforms could be seen in fields outside Mosul.
As ISIS continued its advance Friday, fighting intensified in the religiously mixed province of Diyala, close to Baghdad and a theater of some of the worst sectarian fighting during the civil strife that followed the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Militants took control of the provincial towns of Saadiyah and Jalawla overnight Thursday.
The fresh fighting came a day after the al-Qaeda offshoot asserted its authority over Sunni areas in the north and Kurds seized control of the city of Kirkuk.
However, ISIS’s gains have been slowed in areas that are not home to a significant Sunni population. Its advance has been assisted by supporters of former president Saddam Hussein as well as by general Sunni disaffection with the Shiite government.
“One of the big questions right now is whether ISIL can turn its tactical victories in Iraq into strategic gains,” a U.S. counterterrorism official said of the group, which is also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, adding that it was unclear whether the group can hold territory.
“The situation on the ground right now is playing to ISIL’s strengths, but the group faces the real prospect of overstretch if it tries to press deep into Baghdad and beyond,” the official said.
Still, there was an air of panic in Baghdad on Friday, residents said, with food prices doubling in markets as civilians stockpiled groceries.
Hashemi agreed that ISIS was unlikely to reach Baghdad but said the militants’ aim was to establish a presence in Sunni-majority neighborhoods on the city’s outskirts.
“They are more interested in the Baghdad belt,” he said, adding that they want to reestablish the presence Sunni insurgents had in the area before the U.S. Army co-opted Sunni tribal forces to push them out.
Liz Sly and Ahmed Ramadan in Beirut, Jason Rezaian in Tehran and Greg Miller in Washington contributed to this report.
Suscribirse a:
Entradas (Atom)